याक्खा जातिकाे पाछा(थर), सामेलिङ

 

− मच्छिन्द्र याक्खा

ls/ft cfkm}df Ps dfgj gZn, Ps dxfhflt dfGg ;lsg] ljåfgx?sf] dt 5 . kf}/fl0fs sfndf oIf hflt;+u ;d]t hf]l8g] ul/G5 . cfhsf] ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts /xg;xgsf] lx;fan] lnDa"-ofSy'ª_;+u ghLs -ef}uf]lns tyf lax]af/Lsf] sf/0f_ eP tfklg s]xL 7f]; ;+:sf/ / ;fdO{÷;fd] k/Dk/fsf] cfwf/df ofSvf hflt c?0f klZrdsf ls/ft /fO{x¿;+u glhs b]lvG5 . of] ofSvf hflt leq klg laleGg uf]qsf] ?kdf ;fdO{ jf ;fd] jf ;fd]lnª / Tof]leq klg laleGg pkhflt-y/, pky/_sf] ?kdf 5f]ª\x¿ jf kf5fx¿ x'G5g\ . ofSvf leq oL ;d"xnfO{ ;fd]lnª\÷;fd]lTnª\÷;fd]5f]ª\ elgG5, h;df dlxnf / k'?ifsf] cnu cnu x'g] h'g laz]if 5 . h;nfO{ ;fdO{ klg elgG5 of] /fO{ ;d'bfodf ;fdO{ jf ;fd] jf ;fd]s eGg] ul/G5, /fO{ ;d'bfodf klg dlxnf k'?ifsf] 5'6\6f 5'6\6} x'G5g\ . o;/L dft[j+z / lkt[j+z b'j}nfO{ dflgG5 eg] ;dfhzf:qdf ;j+zLo (Kindread) / lkt[j+znfO{ s'n jf uf]q (Lineage, Clan) elgG5 . ofSvf, /fO{ ;d'bfo / jf]lg{of]sf] Ojfg hfltdf o;sf] k|rng 5 . of] s;/L k|rngdf cfof] o;sf] cWoog x'g afFlsg} b]lvG5 .

ofSvf hfltdf /fO{ ;d'bfodf h:t} of] ;fd]lnª\÷;fd]lTnª\÷;fd]5f]ª\ k/Dk/fut ?kdf rlncfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;fdfGot Ps} ;fd]lnª\÷;fd]lTnª\÷;fd]5f]ª leq lax]af/L ug]{ ul/Gg . o;leq pkhfltsf] ?kdf laleGg 5f]ª\, kf5fx? laleGg sf/0f / cfwf/af6 gfdfs/0f ePsf kfOG5g\ . ofSvf hfltdf /ut ld;fO{ e}ofb agfOg], efgfef~hfnfO{ e}ofb agfOg] rng klg ePsf]n], 5f]ª\sf] gfdfs/0f /flvb} hfg] ePsf] sf/0faf6 cndndf kl/g] ;d:of b]lvPsf]5 . ;fdO lal;{Psf] cjZyfdf w]/} ;d:of x'g] sfnfGt/df pky/dfg} km/s eP/ hfg] b]lvPsf] 5 .  o;df b]jfg klg Ps 5 . z'¿ z'¿df k'Tn'xfª-k'Mn'+xfª_ ofSvfnfO{ dfq b]jfg egL lrlgb} cfPsf]df l;lSsd bflh{lnªdf ofSvfx?n] b]jfg egL lrgfpg] u/], g]kfnsf] k"jL{ If]q O{nfd, emfkf If]qdf klg b]jfg n]Vg] rng cfPsf] b]lvG5 . w]/} ;do kl5 lal;{P/ lax]af/L x'g], Ps} rnfOg] klg ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . ofSvfdf cfkm\gf] dfq x}g cfkm\gf ufpF jl:t, vfg]kfgL s'jf, vf]nfsf klg ;fd]lnª\÷;fd]lTnª\÷;fd]5f]ª /flvPsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

ofSvf hfltnfO{ Ps ;dodf …ofSvf /fO{Ú elgg] rng klg lyof], laz]if kfFrvkg / kfFr dlemof If]qdf /fO{ tfn'sbf/ kfPsfn] o;f ePsf] xf] . xflQ;"F9]df k'gf/fd, nflnjd lnDa"lvdsf jfj'n], 5y/ 3f]ln{vs{sf kxndfg t'Daf -/fdrGb| t'Dafsf afh]_n] ;'Aaf tfn'Sbf/ -;'efª\uL_ pgLx? / pgsf ;Gtfg s;} s;}n] ;'Aaf klg n]Vg] u/]sf lyP . To:t} af3fdf a;f]af; ePsf lnª\y]k -g/gf/fo0f lnª\y]k, ;'Aaf tfn'sbf/ kfPsf_ cfhef]nL lnDa" egL klxrfg agfPsf -bfh'efO{ dflgPsf sf]Dkm] ofSvf_, :jlhssf jg]d kmfu' /fO{ tfn'sbf/L -;]t' /fO{s} kfnfaf6_ eO{ …/fO{Ú n]Vg] rngaf6 ;RofPsf] 5 . csf]{ sf/0f ef/tLo–uf]vf{ tyf la|6Lz–uf]vf{ elt{df /fO{, lnDa", du/ / u'?ª oL rf/ hflt dfq clen]vLs/0f ePsf] x'gfn] elt{ nfUg] ofSvfx?n] /fO{ jf lnDa" n]vfPsf x'g\ . o;/L sxL sxL ofSvf lnDa" ls /fO{ egL ;f]lwg] klg ul/G5 . oyfy{df ofSvf 5'6\6} efiff, ;+:s[lt ePsf] cnu hflt xf] .

 

ofSvf hfltsf] y/ jf pkhflt -5f]ª\÷kf5f_	;fd]lnª\÷;fd]lTnª\÷ ;fd]5f]ª\ -uf]q_		d'Vo a;f]af;	a;f]af; la:tf/
	k'?if	dlxnf
-!_ O{n'ª\jfª÷pn'ª\jfª -@_x]ª\jf÷x]jfO5f	5'ª\5fdL÷ v'ª\5fdL	j]vfdf	v/fª, xflQ;'F8], lsª\l/ª	emfkf, df]/ª,
-#_ sf]of]ª -$_n'Djf -%_ofPDjf -^_ofª\lvDj"	sf]ª\5fdL	s]vfdf	tfdfkmf]s,v'jfkmf]s, cvf}{n],v/fª,t]Nnf]s	8fF8fufpF, xflQ;"F8],
-&_O{nf;nf]ª\÷l6sf;nf]ª\÷t'Dof;f]nf]ª-t'Dofxfª_ -*_Pnfjf÷b'D;fxfª -(_sf]Dkm] -!)_;'dfxfª -!!_vfDofª\÷vfDofxfª-!@_t]g5f]ªxfª -!#_y]j's  -!$_b]jfg-k'c\n'xfª÷lkGg'xfª÷df]/ª\xfª\÷_ -!%_of]St]gxfª -!^_jf]sxfª÷of]s\xfª÷Oof]s  -!&_nsxfª -!*_nfjfxfª -!(_ df/]g	5f]ª\5fdL	o'ª\vfdf	dfbL /fDj]gL-k'n'ª_, dfbL d"nvs{-jflnª_, l;e'jf,:ofj'g,vdf/], lnª\lnª\,r'ª\v'?ª\, gfd;flnª,af]w],df}jf s'?n], 5ft]9'ª\uf, jfj'g	emfkf, df]/ª, ;'g;/L, Onfd, sf7df08f}F
-@)_kfDkm" -@!_dfv/f	5f]ª\5fdL ÷5f]ª\5fjf÷5f]ª\vfdL	lyª\uflxª\d] ÷lyª\vfd]÷ 5]o'ªdf	df/]s s6x/], d"nvs{	emfkf, df]/ª,
-@@_l;ª\5]kxfª\	5]ª\5fjf	5]ª\vfdf
-@#_cfªa'/f -@$_sf]ª\/]g -@%_rf/sf]n] -@^_5fnf -@&_k'kfª\u'-@*_kmfgfa'nfª-@(_dfv?kf -#)_yf]Dkm/f -#!_yfo"d -#@_ofofDjf -##_ gfx'jf÷ªfx'jf -#$_lnDa"lvd -#%_n'Djf -#^_jfn]ª-#&_;'lvd -#*_;f]Dofxfª -#(_xf]xfª\jf	d]Mnfkf	gfvfdf÷ gf3fdf	8fF8fufpF, d"nufpF, xflQ;"F8], rfe"FO{F, tfKn]h'ª	tfKn]h'ª\, Onfd, kfFry/, emfkf, df]/ª,
-$)_ ;f]ª\/]g-5f]ª\/]g_ -$!_lnª\vf	lnª\5fdL	g'3fdf	dflDnª\, tfdfkmf]s, rfe"FO{F-rfkf]ª\_	gfD;flnª
-$@_ t'Djf÷gfDd]s	gfKdLxfª	;fª\vfof]ª\d]	df/]ss6x/], cvf}{n]	emfkf
-$#_ /f]u'÷¿b'xfª	sfss'g'	;fª\vfof]ª\d]	df/]s, s6x/]	;'g;/L,
-$$_ tfDnL	kfª\lnof]ª\	kfª\lnof]ª\d]	df/]s s6x/]
-$%_ vf]lStjf -$^_km]j's-r'lsª\xfª\_	o'ª\5fdL	gfvfdf÷ gf3fdf	rfkf]ª, s'?n]	emfkf, df]/ª,
-$&_ rklnjf	lkSrf]Sdf	Gffvfdf÷ gf3fdf	cfFlve"O{F
-$*_ cf]St'xfª\ -$(_vfOlvd\ -vfP5f]ª\_	;';fdL	lgª\vfdf	lsª\l/ª, :ofj'g, xfFl8vs{, xflQ;'F8]	pnf{jf/L, ul5of
-%)_ t]G5f]xfª\
-%!_ nflDj5f]ª\			vfN;f-d'uf_	Emfkf
-%@_ s'ª\5f			vfN;f-d'uf_	;'g;/L
-%#_ sf]t/f -%$_ t]G5f]xfª\ -%%_;+of]Skf			vfN;f-d'uf_, 5y/
-%^_ t'D;f -%&_r]Kkf -%*_g]of]ª\jf			5y/	df]/ª
-%(_ l;ª\5]kxfª	5]ª\vfjf	5]ª\vfdf
-^)_ xfª\;]jf÷;]jfxfª	v]v]d]ª\			Kff]v/L

gf]6M–    != ofSyf]sxfª ;dfj]z ePsf], s;}nfO{ sf]o'ª\uf, ofª\lvDj', x't'/fo klg elgg] …sf]of]ªÚ .

          @= lnª\y]k ls/ft ofSy'ª\ r'Dn'ªdf ;dfj]z ePsf]-cWoogdf kfOPsf]n]_ .

#= ;dfg b]lvg] ;fd]lnªsf zAbx? sfª\5fdL-s'ª\5fdL, v'ª\5fdL_ csf{ s]vfdf, a]vfdf To:t} 5'ª\5fdL, 5f]ª\5fdL, gfvfdf÷gfufdf÷gf3fdfnfO{ :yfg lbOPsf] 5 .

$= Pnfjf / b'D;fxfª, rf/sf]n] / ;'lvd, rf/sf]n] / ;'lvd, v'lStjf / km]j's-r'lsª\xfª\, xfª\r'jf_ Ps} x'g\ .

kfgLsf] ;fd]lnª ufpFufpFs} x'g] -t]gtfdf, nug / ;fokf]Sdf ul/Fbf of] klg k'sfl/Fg] ul/G5_M sf]ªu'/fªdf / nfªa'/fªdf -jflnª_, xfªr'jf / xfªk't' -b]jfgsf]_, 5fª\jfxf]ªdf / n]Sjf/f]ªdf -tfkmf]s]sf]_, gfdkmfs -aFb]n_, kf]ª\bf/fªdf -h+unL b]p_, /flh/fª\df -;xb]jL_ .

 

;|f]tM

-!_ ad b]jfg lnDa'lvd / dfudfg lnª\vf, k|sfzs j]gaxfb'/ nsxfª / uf]kfn b]jfg

-@_ /fdhL sf]ª\/]g, ofSvf hfltsf] lrgf/L k|sfzg @)^*, cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fg

-#_ O{lGb/f lhdL -ofSvf_, ofSvf hflt -b]jfg, lhdL, dlemof_ sf y/ / ;fd]lTnª k|sfzg @)%( k|sfzs ls/ft ofSvf 5'Ddf, s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt  

-$_ ofSvf hflt M kl/ro dfudfg lnª\vf

-%_ ofSvf hflt M Ps 5nkmn, b'uf{xfªÚ ofSvf /fO{

-^_ Politics of Culture : A Study of Three Kirata Communities in the Eastern Himalays- T. B. Subba 

–